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JLPT N1 grammar

AI Japanese Tutor: JLPT N1 grammar patterns with explanations and example sentences

Expresses the idea of 'no matter how... or', 'even if... or'.Shows that the speaker is indifferent to both conditions; 'whether A or B'.Expresses 'while also', 'at the same time as'.Expresses 'whether A or B'; both situations are included.Used to list examples (often with a critical or complaining tone); 'things like A, B, etc.'.Indicates the same statement applies to both A and B; 'whether A or B'.Means 'rather than say A, it's more like B', or 'whether to call it A or B'.Expresses two possibilities; 'either A or B', 'whether A or B'.Means 'whether it is A or B'; 'regardless of A or B'.Either A or B; Regardless of whether it's A or B.Expresses 'whether... or...', 'both... and...', 'in either case'.Used when the speaker is unsure or confused between multiple possibilities.Indicates a parallel or matching situation; 'if Noun1 is (truly) Noun1, then Noun2 is also Noun2'.Highlights two parallel facts or characteristics; 'if it’s said that ~, then it can also be said that ~'.Expresses 'B cannot exist without A'; 'B only exists because of A'.Do one thing while also doing another; 'while', 'and at the same time'.Means 'while...at the same time', 'on the occasion of', or 'along with'.Used with large numbers or measurements to emphasize 'at least that many' or 'no less than.'Used to indicate that something is judged, estimated, or considered from a certain point or aspect.Defines the starting point or the origin; 'from'.Express the perspective of the noun; 'from ~'s point of view.'Describes 'entirely', 'all together', or 'as a whole group'.Expresses 'though there is ... (some negative or burdensome aspect), still ...'.Emphasizes that 'it is precisely Noun that ...', then adds a contrasting or additional point.An emphatic pattern meaning 'it may be X, but definitely not Y.' Often pairs with a negative statement.Means 'like a...', 'as if...', expressing a simile or metaphor.Expressing that something 'is not'; 'it's not like...'. Colloquial/masculine form of ではあるまいし.Denotes 'entirely' or 'nothing but' the preceding noun.Expresses 'it can't be settled with just...', 'cannot be resolved merely by...'.Used to show a strong negative: 'not even ~', 'not a single ~'.Indicates 'being in the position/state of', used for roles or statuses.Means 'even', 'as much as', used for emphasis in formal contexts.A strong rhetorical question: 'If not X, then what is it?'Means 'it’s not as if...', 'it’s not that...', more formal than じゃあるまいし.Used to indicate doing two things at once or fulfilling two roles/purposes.Used to express 'both A and B'; 'whether it's A or B'; 'not to mention A and also B'.Used to specify or define one noun with another; 'the noun called', 'the noun that is', or 'a certain'.Means 'it's approximately...' or 'it's about...'. Used to show approximation or a general assessment.Used to express a generic concept: 'all ~', 'any ~ of that kind'.Expresses 'at most', 'as much as', or 'limited to'.Expresses 'both A and B' or 'be it A or B'; applies to both without distinction.Expresses strong feelings about a topic; 'speaking of', 'when it comes to'.Indicates something is not comparable; 'beyond comparison'.Used to criticize or question unbecoming behavior by someone of a certain status.'When it comes to...', emphasizes a change of situation or status.Expresses 'if it comes to', 'when', or 'once'.Used to express 'in combination with', 'together with', 'along with'.Expresses 'without ~, there can't be ~'; 'can't do ~ without first doing ~'.Expresses the necessity of something; 'cannot do without', 'not possible without'.Means 'without', 'cannot do without', 'not possible without'.Expresses 'maybe X is possible, but Y is definitely not'. Often 'let alone...'.Expresses something unique or characteristic only of that noun; 'only found in', 'only possible with'.Lists alternatives of the same kind; 'either A or B', 'A or B, for example'.Indicates even a small amount or degree; 'at least', 'even a little'.This expression is used to describe repeated actions or states, 'one after another' or 'pile up'.Indicates a specific situation or environment in which something happens or is the case.Expresses the idea of 'unfitting', 'unbecoming' or 'inappropriate'.Expresses the idea 'even for', 'even though', or 'in spite of'.Expresses 'only when/after... for the first time'.Expresses the concept of 'even'; 'even in', 'even as', 'even to'.This expresses the idea of 'not only...but also', 'not stopping at...'.Represents 'in contrast to', 'as opposed to'.This expresses 'Even more than; exceeding'.Regardless of, irrespective of.Meaning 'ahead of', 'before', or 'preceding in time'.Expresses the idea of 'in accordance with', 'based on'.The grammar point Noun に即して Verb is used to mean 'to act in accordance with', 'in line with' or 'based on'.Expresses 'according to', 'if you ask', 'in the opinion of'.Indicates that something is not only limited to; 'not only', 'not just'.'Not limited to'; 'not just', 'not exclusively'.Expresses the idea that 'nothing but', 'nothing is better than'.Expresses the idea of 'taking something out from something else'.This is a way to express 'minus' or 'except for' some specific noun.Expresses the concept of doing something completely or thoroughly.Depends on; up toIt depends on the NounRegardless of, irrespective of.Depending on the matter; depending on nounMeans 'regardless of', 'irrespective of', or 'no matter'Expresses 'like' or 'as if'; something/someone resembles something else strongly.Because it is about ~, considering it's ~Have a dislike for a particular NounExpresses the idea of 'Before doing something; on the verge of'.Used to express the extreme or utmost point of something.Expresses 'the height of', 'the extreme of' something.‘I can understand it for ~, but for …? (surprising)’Expresses 'not to mention ~, even ~'.Means 'not just A, but even B'; 'let alone A, even B'.'Not only...but also', 'not to mention', 'to say nothing of'Means 'putting aside', 'aside from', 'notwithstanding'.This phrase means 'regardless of' or 'no matter how…'.Expresses a state in which something is entirely covered or filled with something else.Means 'not only... but also'; the second noun is especially emphasized.Used to express 'as well as', 'also', or 'at the same time'.Used to express that combined with something else, it caused a certain outcome.Means 'apart from ~ there's nothing else,' implying the Noun is the best or most suitable choice.Used to indicate means, methods, or time; 'with', 'by means of', 'at'.Expresses the idea that 'despite something, action was carried out', translating to 'without being fazed by something'.Despite; Notwithstanding; Regardless ofExpresses the idea of being forced into a certain situation, 'to be compelled', 'to be obliged'.Used to express 'on the assumption of', 'based on'.Assuming; presupposing; on the assumption of.Means 'as a turning point', 'since (time)', or 'from (time) on'.To take the opportunity to; taking the occasion to; on the occasion of.Used to indicate the starting point of some series of events or actions; 'starting with', 'beginning with'.Used to express 'Starting with', 'Beginning with''Cannot help but do', or 'inevitable'Expresses the idea of 'through' or 'via'; going through some process or phase.Based on; taking into account; in light ofExpresses the idea of 'as of', 'with', or 'from', indicating the end of something or a point of change.Indicates 'like' or 'as' something or someone; 'equivalent to', 'around'.Expresses a condition or requirement for something to be established: 'on the assumption that', 'under the condition of'.Expresses 'as long as', 'while this condition is true'.Expresses doing something while doing another; 'while', 'on the occasion of'.Often used in the pattern 'Xこそすれ、Y〜ない', meaning 'One might do X, but definitely not Y'.Expresses 'being forced to do something' or 'being made to do something'.'Cannot but', 'have no choice but to', 'forced to'Expressing regret for not having done something; not being able to; missing the chance to do it.Means 'Even without doing (X), (Y) can still happen'.Expresses 'cannot help but...', 'will definitely...', or 'must do something'.'Cannot do without...', 'unavoidable', 'have to'.Expresses unlikelihood or that something does not seem likely to happen.Expresses negative potential; 'it doesn't seem like...', 'it's not likely...'.Expresses that as soon as one action finishes, another begins immediately.Emphasizes 'once something happens, there is no going back'; 'once', 'as soon as', etc.Asking someone to pretend or accept that something has already happened or taken a certain state.Conveys that if something happens (or doesn’t happen), there is a particular consequence or situation either way.Indicates an endless or unending cycle once an action is started; 'if one starts doing something, it will not stop.'Expresses that once a certain action happens, the situation changes irreversibly—usually in a negative way.Expresses two alternating actions happening repeatedly.Expresses that ever since a certain event happened, a condition has continued until now.Emphasizes 'only by doing something, a certain result or realization can occur.'Expresses a repeated pattern or cycle, often implying a frustrating outcome; 'whenever X happens, Y happens again.'Expresses a repeated pattern of action; translates as 'every time', 'whenever', etc.Expresses 'even if it means doing...', 'no matter what it takes'.'Show by doing', 'demonstrate', 'prove by action'.Used with certain emotional/mental verbs to show a strong, unceasing emotion: 'can't stop', 'never cease to'.Means 'cannot help but do', 'will definitely do', or 'is bound to happen'.'Cannot end without doing', 'must do'—an unavoidable moral or social necessity.'Even if not to the extent of...', 'although not completely...'.Expressing hope or wonder if something can be done: 'Isn't there a way...?', 'Can't we...?'Expresses the idea that it's not entirely impossible or non-existent: 'It's not that I don't...', 'It's not that there aren't...'Used to modify a noun with a negative verb form; 'a Noun without (Verb)'.Indicates there's no end once you start listing, doing, or saying something: 'If one starts to..., there will be no end.'Means 'without even doing'.Expresses a strong denial or refusal: 'I would never...', 'No way I would...'.Expresses 'the way/manner of doing something' or 'in order to / so that / try to'.Expresses indecision: 'Should I do it or not?'.Expresses 'whether or not', 'no matter if something happens or not'.Expresses 'no way to do something,' 'impossible to do'.This structure indicates that regardless of whether one does (verb) or not, the outcome/attitude remains unchanged.Used to express 'even though one wants to do something, one can't for some reason'.Expresses the inability to do something even if one wants/tries.Expresses 'it's impossible to do something'.Expresses 'letting something happen as it is'; 'just as something does'.Expresses 'as soon as...' or 'the moment when...'.Expresses preference to avoid something: 'rather than...', 'if it comes to doing X, I'd rather...'.Used to express 'without doing something'.Expresses the desire or effort to prevent something: 'so as not to...', 'to avoid...'.Used to indicate that something can go on endlessly or without limits.Used to express 'without a particular intention', 'unconsciously', or 'before one knows it'.Expresses doing something unintentionally or without conscious thought.Expresses 'as soon as' or 'the moment'.Expresses 'not only… but also', 'not limited to…'.Used to say 'there is no need to...', 'it’s not necessary to...'.Indicates that doing the verb is impossible or difficult, even if one wants to.Expresses: 'Even if I try/want to do something, I cannot.'Used to express what should not be done; 'must not', 'should not'.Expresses the idea of 'must not do' or 'should not do'.Expresses the meaning of 'in order to', 'for the purpose of'.Means 'it's impossible to...' or 'there's no way to...'.It's not necessary to the extent of; no need to.Assuming or deciding something as...Expresses the idea of 'as soon as', 'the moment...'.Indicates a (often unfortunate) result or conclusion of an action.Tendency to do a negative action; have a bad habit of ~.Expresses uncertainty regarding duration; 'don't know when... will end'.Expresses potential or ability to do something; 'can', 'able to'.Expressing unexpected outcomes; 'just when I thought...', 'but...'.Expresses the reason or cause; 'because', 'due to', 'as a result of'.Expresses the reason or cause for something; 'because of', 'due to'.Expressing range from one thing to another; 'from...to', 'ranging from...to'.To seem like; as if; as though.Used to express the reason or premise for a decision or judgment; 'since', 'because'.Expresses the idea of 'was able to do without'; 'managed to avoid'.Expresses 'regardless of whether it is or isn't'.Expresses the speaker's intention or plan.Expresses the speaker's intention or plan; 'with the intention of', 'planning to'.Expresses that just doing something is not enough or will not suffice.Expresses a special situation or event due to certain circumstances.Expresses a condition; 'if', 'when', 'since'.Even if it is said that; Even though; Although.Express extreme exclamation; 'extremely', 'unbelievable', 'unsurpassed'.Emphasizes that something is to the extreme; 'you have no idea how...', 'it's incredibly...'.Expresses the extreme of something; 'nothing can be more ... than this'.Highlights a situation or condition that is serious/extreme, often with a negative nuance.Indicates a contrasting or inconvenient timing; 'just when...', 'even though...'.Indicates a general belief or widely accepted view; 'is considered', 'is seen as', 'is said to be'.Means 'even if' or 'even assuming'; emphasizes that the outcome won’t change.Expresses 'if', 'when', or 'assuming that' in a speculative sense.Used to express 'if it were the case that...', 'if we assume that...'.Used to express 'if it comes to...', 'when it becomes the case that...'.Used to highlight a certain circumstance; 'when it comes to...', 'if it becomes...', 'in the event that...'.Expresses the idea of 'if it comes to...; when we talk about...; in the case of...'.Expresses something that the speaker heard; 'I've heard that', 'I was told that'.Even though; although; butIt seems that; apparentlyIt is considered that; It is thought that; It is believed thatExpresses the concept of 'when one sees it as', 'viewed as', or 'considering'.Expresses 'no matter how much...', 'even if...'.Indicates an action or behavior that strongly implies a certain unspoken message or feeling.Expresses the concept of 'as if to say'; 'almost says'; 'suggests'.Expresses a state or condition continuing just as it is (e.g. 'from birth', 'while crying', 'in the old way').Indicates one action or state happening at the same time as the noun in question (e.g. 'dinner while watching TV').Means 'even though' or 'despite'.Expresses the idea 'it's not that it's impossible' or 'it's not that I can't'.Expresses 'not impossible' or 'might as well'.Means 'if it is X, then it's X in its own way', emphasizing unique qualities.Means 'no need to go that far' or 'not necessary'.Indicates something is unbearable or not worth doing (e.g., 'unbearable to watch', 'unbearable to listen to').Used to say that something is 'worth doing' or 'can stand up to' something (the positive counterpart of ～に堪えない).To endure or withstand something; 'endure', 'withstand', 'tolerate'.Expresses the outcome or final conclusion of a process; 'reached the point', 'led to'.Expresses that something is the best or most desirable course of action; 'nothing better than...'.Expresses 'not difficult to ~' in a formal/literary sense; e.g., 'not hard to imagine/understand'.Conveys that 'only (Noun) is the case' or 'nothing but (Noun)'.Expresses regret or a missed opportunity: 'if only', 'had I but...'.A suffix meaning “looking or seeming like ~” (often appears with nouns/adjectives).A suffix meaning “to appear/to become ~,” often used with certain adjectives or nouns.Often appears as a past form of ～ぶる, meaning 'acted/pretended like ~' (or literally 'hit/bashed', depending on context).Te-form of ～ぶる, meaning 'acting/pretending to be ~'.Expresses the amount of time elapsed since doing something last.Used when someone is acting or pretending to be something they are not (often a negative connotation).Expresses a limit or extent; 'it's only up to...', 'no more than...'.Used to dismiss or negate something’s importance; 'it’s nothing at all', 'it doesn’t matter'.Indicates an assumption or supposition; 'assuming', 'under the assumption that'.Emphasizes the reason or purpose for an action; 'in order to', 'for the sake of'.Indicates 'as though about to ~' or 'as if to say ~'.Indicates no problem or obstacle; 'it’s fine if...', 'there’s no issue'.Indicates the time or occasion when something happens; 'when', 'at the time of'.Expresses an extreme state, often negative; 'utterly', 'extremely', 'boundlessly'.Also expresses an extreme degree or state, typically negative.Expresses insufficiency or lack; 'not enough', 'insufficient'.Indicates that something is worthy or sufficient to be called/used as ~; 'worthy of', 'enough to ~'.Expresses an extreme degree of emotion or reaction; 'I feel so ~', 'as ~ as can be'.

Showing 245 N1 grammar points

Grammar content sourced from hanabira.org.