Explanation
Indicates the reason, method, or means by which something happens; 'by', 'through', 'due to'.
Formation
Noun + により, Verb + により
Detailed explanation
The ～により grammar point is used to indicate the reason, method, or means by which something happens or is done. It can be often translated as 'by', 'through', or 'due to' in English. It can be attached directly to nouns or verbs in plain form.
Examples
Kono jiko wa untenshu no fuchuui ni yori okorimashita.
This accident occurred due to the driver's carelessness.
Sono eiga wa shousetsu ni yori seisaku saremashita.
The movie was produced based on the novel.
Hannin wa keisatsu ni yori taiho saremashita.
The criminal was arrested by the police.
Kaisha no seichou wa juugyouin no doryoku ni yori jitsugen shimashita.
The company's growth was achieved through the efforts of its employees.
Practice
Grammar content sourced from hanabira.org.